TUMORS OF THE EYE

Tumors can be found in almost all tissues within the eye, as well as the eyelids, surrounding tissues and related structures. These tumors may be benign or malignant, and if malignant, they may have come from another place in the body (metastatic tumors). It is important to differentiate metastatic tumors from those originating in or around the eyes. All tumors of the eye require prompt medical evaluation by an eye doctor.

Eyelid Tumors

Tumors of the eyelid are quite common and look like irregularities or bumps. Although usually benign, they can occasionally be malignant. The only way to determine for sure whether a tumor is malignant or benign is to examine the tissue under a microscope (a biopsy). Your eye doctor may suggest removing a portion of the tumor for this purpose or, if the tumor is small, complete removal.

Conjunctival Tumors

Conjunctival tumors affect the mucous membrane-like tissue covering the white of the eye (the conjunctiva). These lesions usually appear as a spot or lightly raised area against the white background. Malignant tumors are seldom seen, but if suspected, they must be treated appropriately with either surgical removal or radiation.

Tumors Within The Eye

Tumors within the eye are rare and may be difficult to diagnose. Special tests or even removal of the eye may be necessary if a life-threatening malignancy is suspected. Once a tumor is diagnosed as non-malignant, it may require only observation or, if it is a vascular tumor, laser treatment.

The most common malignant tumor in the eye is a melanoma, usually occurring in the middle-aged or elderly. In about one-half of the cases, these tumors metastasize (spread) to other parts of the body where they grow and, despite aggressive treatment, may lead to death.

A rare, genetically determined and life-threatening tumor called a retinoblastoma can occur in young children, usually by the second or third year of life. Since early recognition and treatment of this tumor are important to the child's survival, any abnormality or suspicion of a visual defect in a baby or young child should be promptly evaluated by an eye doctor. If the tumor is large or involves both eyes, it may be necessary to remove an eye or to treat an eye with radiation therapy, chemotherapy or a combination of the above. Since retinoblastomas can occur in other family members, examination and genetic counseling may be recommended.

Orbital Tumors

Tumors may arise in the socket (orbit) behind the eye, displacing the eyeball and causing decreased or double vision. Diagnosis usually requires extensive evaluation and often includes CT Scan/MRI and blood tests. Treatment methods may include radiation therapy or surgical removal of the tumor.

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